|
The Occupy movement is the international branch of the Occupy Wall Street movement that protests against social and economic inequality around the world, its primary goal being to make the economic and political relations in all societies less vertically hierarchical and more flatly distributed. Local groups often have different focuses, but among the movement's prime concerns deal with how large corporations (and the global financial system) control the world in a way that disproportionately benefits a minority, undermines democracy, and is unstable.〔〔〔〔 It is part of what Manfred Steger calls the "global justice movement". The first Occupy protest to receive widespread attention was Occupy Wall Street in New York City's Zuccotti Park, which began on 17 September 2011. By 9 October, Occupy protests had taken place or were ongoing in over 951 cities across 82 countries, and over 600 communities in the United States.〔〔〔〔〔 Although most active in the United States, by October 2012 there had been Occupy protests and occupations in dozens of other countries across every continent except Antarctica. For its first month, overt police repression was minimal, but this began to change by 25 October 2011 when police first attempted to forcibly remove Occupy Oakland. By the end of 2011, authorities had cleared most of the major camps, with the last remaining high profile sites – in Washington, D.C. and London – evicted by February 2012.〔〔〔〔 The Occupy movement is partly inspired by the Arab Spring,〔〔 and the Portuguese〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Movimento dos Indignados marca manifestação para quinta-feira )〕 and Spanish Indignants movement in the Iberian Peninsula,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Geração à rasca" é referência para Espanha )〕 the 2009 University of California occupations, as well as the overall global wave of anti-austerity protests. The movement commonly uses the slogan "We are the 99%", the #Occupy hashtag format, and organizes through websites such as Occupy Together.〔 According to ''The Washington Post'', the movement, which has been described as a "democratic awakening" by Cornel West, is difficult to distill to a few demands.〔〔 On 12 October 2011, Los Angeles City Council became one of the first governmental bodies in the United States to adopt a resolution stating its informal support of the Occupy movement.〔 In October 2012 the Executive Director of Financial Stability at the Bank of England stated the protesters were right to criticise and had persuaded bankers and politicians "to behave in a more moral way".〔 ==Background== In 2009 and 2010, students across the University of California occupied campus buildings in protest against budget cuts, tuition hikes, and staff cutbacks that had resulted from the Great Recession of 2008. According to Dissent Magazine, "It was in the context of the California student movement that the slogan 'Occupy Everything, Demand Nothing' first emerged."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=From Master Plan to No Plan: The Slow Death of Public Higher Education )〕 ''The Huffington Post'' noted that "During one incident in March of 2010, 150 protesters were arrested for trying to occupy part of Interstate 80 in protest of the budget cuts and tuition hikes, displaying a banner that read 'Occupy everything,' while shutting down the roadway for an hour, and were crushed by the same kind of overwhelming police force that was later mobilized against Occupy encampments across the country."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Occupy Cal Berkeley Protest Draws Thousands, As Two Years Of Occupation Come Home )〕 ''Adbusters'' editor Micah White, who designed the original Occupy Wall Street concept, traveled to California for the protests and took part in the occupation of Wheeler Hall. He wrote enthusiastically for ''Adbusters'' about the "revolutionary potential of (students ) struggle."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An Open Letter to Students )〕 The Spanish Indignados movement began in mid-May 2011, with camps at Madrid and elsewhere. According to sociologist Manuel Castells, by the end of the month there were already hundreds of camps around Spain and across the world.〔 For some journalists and commentators the camping in Spain marked the start of the global occupy movement, though it is much more commonly said to have begun in New York during September.〔〔 On 30 May 2011, a leader of the ''Indignados'', inspired by the Arab Spring, 5.18 Movement of 1980, and June Democracy Movement of 1987〔〔 called for a worldwide protest on 15 October.〔 In mid-2011, the Canadian-based group Adbusters Media Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine ''Adbusters'', proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, address a growing disparity in wealth, and the absence of legal repercussions behind the recent global financial crisis.〔 Adbusters co-founder Kalle Lasn registered the ''OccupyWallStreet.org'' web address on 9 June.〔 According to Micah White, the senior editor of the magazine, "() basically floated the idea in mid-July into our (list ) and it was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world, it just kind of snowballed from there."〔 One of the inspirations for the movement was the Democracy Village set up in 2010, outside the British Parliament in London. The protest received additional attention when the internet hacker group Anonymous encouraged its followers to take part in the protests, calling protesters to "flood lower Manhattan, set up tents, kitchens, peaceful barricades and Occupy Wall Street".〔〔〔〔 They promoted the protest with a poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull.〔〔 The first protest was held at Zuccotti Park in New York City on 17 September 2011,〔 the tenth anniversary of the re-opening of Wall Street trading after the 11 September 2001 attacks. The protests were preceded by a similar Occupy Dataran movement in Kuala Lumpur in July, seven weeks before Occupy Wall Street.〔〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「occupy movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|